Here are five of the most frequently asked questions on cause marketing compliance that we are asked.  

1. When and where must a company be registered to conduct a charitable sales promotion (also known as a CCV)? What about the nonprofit beneficiary? 
2. Does a company need to register as a commercial co-venturer in every state that has a CCV registration requirement if it’s only conducting a charitable sales promotion on its website? 
3. What advertising disclosures must be included in a charitable sales promotion, and how can companies run into issues with their disclosures? 
4. What key strategies can nonprofits use to navigate unrelated business income tax (“UBIT”) issues during their cause marketing campaigns and corporate partnerships? 
5. What options are available for companies to engage with nonprofits that offer public visibility but are not subject to state CCV registration and reporting requirements? 

Navigating the compliance landscape of cause marketing can be complex. Still, the core goal remains the same: to ensure transparency, protect consumers, and make sure companies fulfill their commitments to nonprofit partners.

Cause marketing is powerful because it allows consumers to make a positive impact through their purchasing decisions. By proactively addressing registration requirements, providing clear disclosures, and strategizing with your nonprofit partner on the optimal campaign structure, companies can ensure that their campaigns are both effective and compliant with legal requirements. For more detailed answers to these questions and additional resources about cause marketing, visit the website of our long-term partner, Engage for Good — the leading community where cause meets commerce.

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Strategic Adaptations for 2026 and Beyond

To meet this evolving challenge, both sectors must adapt their partnership strategies.

For Businesses and Nonprofits

Implement “Bunching” Strategies

• Focus on negotiating larger, multi-year partnership commitments. This allows the company to concentrate contributions into specific tax years, ensuring the total donation clears the 1% threshold and maximizes the tax benefit.
• Explore Alternative Structuring of Cause Marketing Programs: Companies engaging in cause marketing can explore structuring of its cause marketing partnerships to generate royalty payments (in exchange for the use of the nonprofit’s name or logo) rather than traditional charitable donations, which may offer a different path for deductibility.

For Nonprofits

Deepen CSR Alignment

• Shift the focus from short-term campaigns to long-term partnerships that are inextricably linked to the corporate partner’s core values and robust CSR goals. Partnerships that demonstrate strong, long-term social impact will prove more sustainable than those driven purely by annual tax incentives.

By proactively adjusting their financial and engagement strategies now, both businesses and nonprofits can ensure their collaborations continue to thrive and generate meaningful impact despite the evolving tax rules.

This update was originally published in the December 2025 email newsletter of the firm’s long-term partner, Engage for Good— the leading community where cause meets commerce.

The post Preparing for the 2026 Tax Shift: Strategic Considerations for Corporate Partnerships appeared first on Perlman & Perlman.

Charitable sales promotions (a/k/a “CCV promotions”) are a popular cause marketing strategy for engaging customers motivated to support a cause through their purchases. State charitable solicitation laws regulate CCV promotions by imposing specific registration, reporting, contract, and advertising disclosure requirements on businesses conducting these promotions. 

CCV Registration and Reporting  

Companies that conduct these promotions nationally must register as a “commercial co-venturer” in seven states.¹  The registration and reporting process comprises a few key components

• • Annual registration of the business. 
  • Filing of a surety bond.
  • Filing of the contract and/or solicitation notice
  • Filing of a campaign report.

See this chart of commercial co-venturer state registration and reporting requirements.  Note that the nonprofit beneficiary of these promotions must be registered to solicit in the states where the promotion is conducted, and also has certain reporting obligations regarding the promotion.  

Contract Provision Requirements

The agreement between the business and nonprofit must include several contract provisions, including sales and donation estimates and state-specific compliance language.

Advertising Disclosure Requirements

CCV advertisements must include specific information about how a customer’s purchase will benefit a nonprofit organization. These requirements are most clearly articulated in industry best practices such as the BBB Wise Give Alliance’s Standards for Charity Accountability.  Notably, advertisements must include the percentage or dollar amount of the purchase price that will be donated to the nonprofit. Vague language like “a portion of proceeds from the sale of each product will go to ABC Nonprofit” does not comply with the disclosure requirements.

There are compelling reasons CCV campaigns are a widely used marketing strategy. CCV promotions allow you to directly involve consumers in the charitable impact while buying products and services they are (typically) already planning to purchase.  A well-designed promotion can make a brand’s product stand out among competing products. According to Edelman’s 2023 Trust Barometer, 63% of people buy or advocate for brands based on beliefs and values.  Unlike some of the alternatives discussed below, CCV promotions are the only campaign structure in which the customer’s purchasing decision directly supports the nonprofit partner.  This may be why hundreds of businesses choose to engage in CCV promotions every year.  The compliance requirements are very manageable with a bit of guidance and support (including resources like this article and those available on the Engage for Good website). Moreover, several registration service providers offer CCV registration services so you can focus on making sure your promotion is a success.  

While there are compelling reasons to conduct CCV promotions, a few situations suggest that a CCV promotion may not always be the ideal structure. Consider the following scenarios: 

1. The total anticipated donation amount is relatively small and may not justify the compliance costs and burdens associated with the promotion structure. 
2. The promotion is national in scope, but your nonprofit partner does not typically fundraise nationally (and may not even be based in the U.S.) and may not be prepared to register to solicit nationally just to be the beneficiary of your promotion.²   

For these and other reasons, companies may want to explore alternatives to the CCV promotion structure.

CCV Promotion Alternatives

Below are a few of the most common CCV promotion alternatives that allow a business to still actively partner with a nonprofit in ways that engage its customers and the public and publicly communicate its support for an important cause that aligns with its brand values, but without being subject to CCV compliance requirements. 

“Proud Supporter” Corporate Donation 

The closest alternative structure to a CCV promotion is if a business commits a fixed donation amount to the nonprofit and is granted the right to include language on its product packaging or other point of sale marketing materials about its support of the organization. For example, “Our Company is proud to support ABC Nonprofit with a $50,000 donation to support the planting of 50,000 trees.”  

To avoid being subject to CCV regulation, the marketing language should not state or suggest that the customer’s purchase of the product will trigger a donation to the nonprofit. Nevertheless, the business can still publicly communicate its support for a cause important to the brand while financially supporting the organization and raising public awareness for the cause, which helps garner positive goodwill for the brand and publicly reflect its brand values and commitments.   

Point of Sale Customer Donation Campaign

With over $5 billion raised through customer donations at retail checkout counters, it’s no wonder point-of-sale fundraising campaigns are a popular and effective way for companies to raise funds for their favorite charitable causes. Some companies have even added incentives by offering coupons or discounts to customers who make donations at checkout.  

If this type of campaign is conducted in stores nationwide, the nonprofit must be registered to solicit contributions in all applicable states. In addition, companies conducting these campaigns online at checkout must register as a “charitable fundraising platform” in California (and starting in 2026, in Hawaii) if the campaign includes online customers in those states.   An agreement should be established with the nonprofit, granting the company permission to solicit contributions from the public on its behalf. The agreement should outline the agreed-upon terms and include the solicitation dates, the states where they will be conducted, and the timing for transferring the collected donations. 

Matching Gift Campaign

Matching gift campaigns are popular fundraising strategies used by nonprofits to incentivize public donations through contributions made by one or more “match donors.” In a traditional matching gift campaign, a match donor pledges to match public donations dollar for dollar, often up to a specified donation cap and/or for a set time period.   With this type of campaign, the amount of the pledge that the “match donor” must pay is contingent upon the total donations received from the public in response to the campaign.  Companies can be powerful multipliers of public support by partnering with nonprofits to match donations made by their supporters.  Companies can also match public donations raised through customer donation campaigns that the business conducts at checkout.

When conducting matching gift campaigns, ensure you accurately describe how the campaign works, including the campaign period, the match amount (e.g., dollar for dollar), the method of donating that will trigger the donation (e.g., “donations made at checkout at Company stores during Earth Month” or “donations made through a unique matching gift campaign URL, like Company.NonprofitWebsite.org”), and any donation cap (e.g., up to $50,000).  Read this article for additional legal considerations in matching gift campaigns. 

Free Action Campaign

Free action campaigns involve donating to a nonprofit, triggered by actions taken by customers or other members of the public.  A purchase or use of the company’s products or services is not required. Free action campaigns allow a company to creatively engage the public, including: (1) signing up for your newsletter; (2) watching a short video; (3) liking, commenting on, or sharing a social media post; or (4) taking a survey. These actions can help generate greater awareness of your company, the cause, or both.  

The structure of free action campaigns is similar to CCV promotions because donations are triggered by specific actions that must be tracked. As such, the structure of contracts and disclosures for free action campaigns is also comparable to CCVs in establishing transparency and accountability. Currently, companies engaging in these campaigns online must register as a “charitable fundraising platform” in California (and starting in 2026, in Hawaii) if the campaign includes online customers in those states. 

Find the Right Campaign Structure for Your Business

Companies have numerous creative options for partnering with nonprofits through financial support and public awareness, while also building consumer loyalty for their brand and directly incentivizing product sales in the case of CCVs. Don’t let concerns about CCV regulation prevent you from finding the right win-win partnership with a nonprofit partner. 

Determining whether a CCV campaign structure is the most effective option requires considering your business goals, parameters, and constraints, as well as a practical understanding of compliance requirements.  It may be more achievable than you think!  If you conclude that a CCV promotion is not the right fit, consider exploring another creative way to partner with a nonprofit that will engage your customers and the public, generating significant positive goodwill for your brand while supporting an important cause.

1 The seven states that require companies engaging in these promotions (the companies are defined as “commercial co-venturers”) are: Alabama, California, Hawaii, Illinois, Massachusetts, Mississippi, and South Carolina.  California’s CCV registration requirement is optional, in that companies can follow certain contract and accounting requirements in lieu of registering.  Moreover, California’s new law governing charitable fundraising platforms requires companies conducting online CCV promotions to register as a charitable fundraising platform instead.  Illinois’ charitable solicitation law does not define the term “commercial co-venture,” but the state has taken the position that companies engaging in charitable sales promotions must register as “charitable trusts” if they generate more than $4,000 donations in a 12-month period.  Read this article to learn how to evaluate what state laws apply to an online-only CCV promotion.

2 Nonprofits soliciting charitable contributions nationally must register in about 38 states.

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Unfortunately, a charitable organization’s failure to be in good standing in California has implications far beyond the State. Charitable fundraising platforms will generally block all donations made to any organization that is not in good standing, not just those made by California residents. In many cases, the first time the organization became aware that they had a delinquency issue that needed to be resolved was when they received a notice sent by a fundraising platform informing them that they are not in good standing in California.  Unfortunately, many of these charities learned the hard way that resolution is neither quick nor easy, resulting in significant loss of donations, not to mention the expenses incurred when getting back into good standing.   Given the significant amount of fundraising now taking place through online fundraising platforms, it is paramount that charities ensure that they are in good standing pursuant to California’s new law.

How to Comply with California’s New “Good Standing” Requirement

Under AB 488, a charitable fundraising platform or platform charity may only “solicit, permit, or otherwise enable solicitations, or receive, control, or distribute funds from donations for recipient charitable organizations or other charitable organizations in good standing.” 

For a summary of the key provisions and definitions of “charitable fundraising platform” and “platform charity,” see California Enacts New Law to Regulate Charitable Fundraising Platforms. 

For a summary of the California Attorney General’s notice advising which provisions of AB 488 go into effect on January 1, 2023, and which were delayed due to pending issuance of implementing regulation, read Key Provisions of California Assembly Bill 488 Regulating Charitable Fundraising Platforms Take Effect January 1, 2023. According to the notice, the “good standing” requirement went into effect on January 1, 2023.

To comply with California’s “good standing” requirement, fundraising platforms and platform charities receiving funds through the platform must ensure that, with respect to each recipient organization: (1) the organization’s federal tax-exempt status has not been revoked by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”); (2) the organization’s tax-exempt status in California has not been revoked by the California Franchise Tax Board; and (3) the organization is not prohibited from soliciting or operating in the State by the California Attorney General.  

The California Department of Justice (“DOJ”) published a notice which includes links to the three lists that charitable fundraising platforms and platform charities must check for compliance with this requirement.

1. The IRS’s Tax-Exempt Organization Search Tool
2. California Attorney General’s list of charities that may not operate or solicit in the State
3. California Franchise Tax Board’s Revoked Exempt Organizations List

Note that “good standing” does not necessarily mean that every recipient charitable organization included by a fundraising platform or platform charity must be registered to solicit in California.  For example, a small, local community organization based in another state that does not engage in solicitation in California, and generally does not receive donations from residents of California, including through fundraising platforms, would generally not be required to register in California due to lack of a sufficient jurisdictional nexus.  

Key Reasons that Organizations Fall Out of Good Standing

Common reasons that have caused organizations to fall out of good standing in California, and thereby get blocked by fundraising platforms, include the following:

1. The organization was late in registering or renewing registration with the California Attorney General’s office, typically due to late completion of the organization’s IRS Form 990 or audited financial statement, which triggers delinquent status. 
2. The organization filed its registration renewal paperwork but was sent a notice that the submission was incomplete, but the notice was not received.  
3. The organization may have been mailed letters from the California Attorney General’s office advising them to register, but those letters were either lost in the mail, went to an incorrect address, or otherwise did not make their way to the right person. Failure to respond by registering (or seeking confirmation of exemption, if applicable, or otherwise establishing with the office that the organization is not required to register) automatically results in a delinquent registration status.  The initial letter from the AG advising the organization that it may be required to register may have been triggered by some common scenarios:
   
   
   1. The organization incorporated in the State of California, which, due to coordination between the California Secretary of State’s office and the Attorney General’s office, automatically triggers a letter advising the organization to register with the Attorney General’s Registry of Charitable Trusts. This letter may have gotten lost in the mail, or it failed to elicit a timely response.  
   2. A professional fundraiser or fundraising consultant of the organization listed the charity as a client in its California registration filings, triggering the letter.  Since the charity historically had not solicited contributions in California and did not understand the scope of its fundraiser’s services to include California, it may have chosen to ignore the letter.

Note: These misplaced or lost deficiency letters issued by the AG’s office are generally accessible by searching the California AG’s Online Registry Search Tool.

4. The organization may have qualified to do business in California in the past, by employing individuals residing in the State.  (Note that whether an organization is required to qualify to do business in California is a specific, fact-driven analysis). Once qualified to do business in the State, the organization is unaware that it is subject to annual reporting obligations with the California Franchise Tax Board, thus causing an inadvertent delinquency when such filings are not submitted. 
5. The organization may have had its 501(c)(3) tax-exempt status revoked by the IRS.  This often affects smaller organizations, particularly ones solely operated by volunteers, who were unaware that the organization had an annual IRS Form 990 filing obligation.  Failure to file the IRS Form 990 for three consecutive years leads to automatic revocation of federal tax-exempt status as soon as the third annual filing deadline passes.

In a number of cases, the charity at issue may be eligible for a statutory exemption from registration in California due to its status as a hospital, educational institution, or religious organization.  While California’s statute does not explicitly require such organizations to confirm their exemption from registration, as a matter of practice, the California Attorney General does require these organizations to confirm their exemption. For more information on registration exemptions, read Are Hospitals, Educational Institutions, and Religious Organizations Exempt from Charitable Solicitation Registration?

The documents and information that must be submitted to confirm an organization’s exemption from registration are outlined in California’s initial registration form instructions, and the AG’s office must issue a letter or notice confirming the organization’s exemption.  If California issued a letter advising the exempt organization that it may be required to register, and the letter goes unanswered, even if the organization would otherwise qualify for exemption, the organization will be put on the California AG’s May Not Operate or Solicit List. 

Obstacles to Establishing Good Standing (and How to Get Back into Fundraising Platforms’ Databases)

Many charities have found that the process to reinstate good standing is slow and painful. There are multiple steps to address deficiencies, delays in regulatory agencies’ processing of documents, and challenges to communicating an organization’s unique circumstances to the regulatory agencies. 

When a charity’s registration with California Attorney General’s office has expired, it must submit its renewal paperwork by US mail, landing the submission in an enormous pile of papers that the state is months behind in processing.  Even if an online process is available, the Attorney General’s time to review and final approval could be 90 days or more.

Similarly, the process for reinstatement with the Franchise Tax Board or IRS is cumbersome and time-consuming, involving back filings and reinstatement forms/applications.

Finally, charities should be aware that platforms may require blocked organizations who have resolved delinquency issues to take special steps to reactivate donations through the platform.  A number of platforms have issued public guidance on how they are addressing AB 488 compliance, including Meta and Bonterra. Complying with the platform’s process for reinstatement further delays a charity’s ability to fundraise on that platform.  The May Not Operate or Solicit List is only updated by the AG’s office once a month, thus further delaying the reinstatement process after organizations have resolved their delinquency.

Final Regulations are Still Pending that May Affect Implementation of the Good Standing Requirement

On November 17, 2023, the California Attorney General’s office issued a third set of Proposed Regulations to implement the provisions of AB 488, which include modifications to the procedures relating to “good standing”. The comment period ended on January 2, 2024.  We have been advised that final regulations are expected to be released in the next few months, which could cause some fundraising platforms to revise their procedures. Our firm is watching the status of the regulations. Stay tuned for further updates. 

A Final Note

We leave organizations with a final word of advice – Make sure your organization is not delinquent in California!  Given the broad, practical implications that failure to be in good standing creates, including the blocking of online donations received from any state through any charitable fundraising platform, organizations should make sure they closely monitor the applicable registration and filing deadlines to ensure they will not fall out of good standing in California. 

The post Has Your Organization been Blocked by Charitable Fundraising Platforms? It is likely due to California’s new “Good Standing” requirement. appeared first on Perlman & Perlman.

You can find an overview of the new requirements in my previous article. 

What businesses and activities are affected?

Companies conducting the following online activities to raise funds for charitable causes are subject to the law: 

• Online charitable sales promotions benefiting 7+ charities per year. 

Prior to the enactment of the new law, companies engaging in charitable sales promotions in California (whether in-store or online) were regulated as a “commercial co-venturer” under the law governing charitable solicitation activities.¹ These companies were required to either register with the California Attorney General’s office, or alternatively, comply with certain requirements, including (1) entering into a written agreement with the charity, signed by two officers of the charity; (2) transferring funds to the charity every 90 days throughout the campaign; and (3) providing a written accounting to the charity in connection with each transfer of funds (note that if these requirements were followed, registration was not required).  

These longstanding requirements still apply to all charitable sales promotions conducted in brick-and-mortar stores, or to online charitable sales promotions directed at California residents and which benefit six or fewer charities each year.  However, any company engaging in online charitable sales promotions benefiting 7+ charities per calendar year must comply with the new requirements applicable to charitable fundraising platforms. 

• Inviting customers to donate online at checkout.

Companies inviting customers to donate online during the checkout process are subject to the new law. In the past, customer donation campaigns, whether conducted online or in-stores, were not generally subject to specific regulatory requirements.  These campaigns are typically conducted by businesses on a voluntary and uncompensated basis and can raise significant funds for many charitable organizations.  Despite the lack of any compensation or profit from the campaign, the new law nevertheless covers businesses conducting these types of campaigns online.  As such, any retail business inviting its customers to donate while checking out on its e-commerce site will be considered a charitable fundraising platform.    

Read the excellent articles on point-of-sale fundraising, thanks to our friends at Engage for Good. 

• Inviting the public to take certain actions online to generate donations.  

Several companies have developed online platforms, including mobile apps, that engage the public to take various actions that support positive social impact.  The campaigns conducted on these platforms are often sponsored by companies seeking to engage with customers, the broader public, or even their own employees.  Online users may be invited to take an action that triggers a donation which is often paid for by a sponsoring for-profit business to a charity.  For example, donations might be triggered by taking a free online survey or playing a game on a mobile app.  Employees of a company may be invited to make a donation online that will be matched by their employer. Companies operating platforms that engage the public in taking actions online to generate charitable donations are now subject to the charitable fundraising platform regulations. These rules apply even if online charitable activations are just one feature out of many within a technology platform, or an activation is only conducted for a short time period.

In addition, charitable fundraising platforms sometimes partner with a “platform charity” to facilitate the receipt of donations, which are then granted to various other designated charities (defined as “recipient charitable organizations” in the new law). Charities playing this role are defined and regulated as “platform charities,” and therefore are subject to many of the same requirements as charitable fundraising platforms.  

What new requirements apply to charitable fundraising platforms?

Charitable fundraising platforms must comply with several new requirements, including (1) annual registration and reporting; (2) required disclosures; (3) obtaining written consent of charity beneficiaries (except in limited circumstances when such consent is not required; (4) soliciting or receiving funds only for charities in good standing; (5) segregation of funds; (6) prompt distribution of donations/grants; and (7) accounting of fees.  

The new requirements are more fully summarized in this previously published article. Additional updates regarding which provisions of the new law are effective as of January 1, 2023, and which ones are delayed, are summarized in this article.  

What should companies and charities do now? 

Here are a few practical tips for companies and charities engaging in online charitable campaigns to think about during the campaign pre-launch period to help ensure compliance with the new requirements.

• Identify which online campaigns and activations are subject to the new regulations.
• Communicate with your partner in advance of the launch to acknowledge the impact of the new law and ensure alignment around the compliance requirements.
• Review sample campaign pages to ensure that the disclosures are properly displayed on the website or within the mobile app.  
• If the campaign is powered by a third-party platform through which users will engage in the campaign activation, ensure that the platform is fully aware of the new requirements, and is able to comply with all aspects of the new platform law, including properly displaying the required disclosures, ensuring that the platform charity operates in compliance with the good standing requirements, and scheduling timely donation and grant disbursements. 
• Monitor for updates on the final regulations and related registration forms, which will be released later this year. Keep your eye out for the next article once the regulations and forms are finalized. To be sure you are notified, please subscribe to our blog.

1 A commercial coventurer is defined as “any person who, for profit, is regularly and primarily engaged in trade or commerce other than in connection with the raising of funds, assets, or property for charitable organizations or charitable purposes, and who represents to the public that the purchase or use of any goods, services, entertainment, or any other thing of value will benefit a charitable organization or will be used for a charitable purpose.”

The post How Does California’s New Fundraising Platform Law Affect Cause Marketing? appeared first on Perlman & Perlman.

Hawaii, which requires companies to file a written consent form at least ten (10) days before a charitable sales promotion begins, has recently begun to enforce its statutory late filing fee of $20 per day (up to $1,000 maximum penalty) for failure to timely file a written consent.  In order for the written consent to be timely filed, it must be “fully executed” by both parties through an electronic approval process. A delay in obtaining either party’s electronic consent can mean late fees will begin to accrue.

While not new, companies should be also be aware that South Carolina regularly imposes administrative fines of $10 per day for late filing of campaign reports, up to a maximum fine of $2,000 per report. Illinois, which requires companies to register under their charitable trust law to conduct charitable sales promotions, has been enforcing its $100 late filing fee for campaign reports.

While California ¹ has the statutory right to impose a late fee of $25/month for registration statements or campaign reports, we have not observed this late fee being regularly imposed.

To avoid incurring late fees and penalties, companies should ensure that they are monitoring their filing deadlines and planning ahead in order to avoid getting hit with significant and unanticipated financial penalties.

For a general overview of the laws regulating commercial co-ventures and charitable sales promotions, please read Do Good And Sell It Well: An Overview Of Cause Marketing Regulation on Engage for Good’s website.

1 Registration in California is not required if certain contract and related compliance requirements are met, including transfers of payments every 90 days. However, note that some companies engaging in online campaigns may need to register as a charitable fundraising platform in California beginning on January 1, 2023. For more information, see the post California Enacts New Law to Regulate Charitable Fundraising Platforms.

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The new law defines a “charitable fundraising platform” as “any person, corporation, unincorporated association or other legal entity that uses the internet to provide an internet website, service, or other platform to persons in this state, and performs, permits, or otherwise enables acts of solicitation to occur.”  The broad definition of charitable fundraising platform applies to most consumer-facing websites that facilitate the receipt of online donations, with limited exceptions.[1] It also applies to websites that run multiple promotions advertising that a portion of the purchase price from the sale of goods or services will be donated to specified charities, as well as websites or platforms that voluntarily invite customers to add a donation during the check-out process, or that encourage individuals to take certain actions to trigger donations.  According to one legislative analysis, examples of charitable fundraising platforms include Amazon, Benevity, Charity Navigator, CrowdRise, eBay, Facebook, GoFundMe, Google, GuideStar (Candid), Lyft, Overstock, and PayPal.

The bill also regulates platform charities, which are charitable organizations that facilitate acts of solicitation on a charitable fundraising platform.

Key New Requirements
The bill contains a number of new requirements applicable to charitable fundraising platforms and platform charities, including the following:

1. Registration and Reporting. Charitable fundraising platforms and platforms charities must annually register and submit financial reports to the California Attorney General’s office. Additional regulations addressing the content of the registration and annual report forms and the manner and timing of the filings will be issued by the Attorney General.[2]

2. Required Disclosures. The new law will require charitable fundraising platforms to clearly disclose certain information, including: (1) a statement about who will receive the donations; (2) if applicable, a statement that a recipient charity may not receive donations or grants of recommended donations, with an explanation identifying the circumstances under which a recipient charity may not receive the funds; (3) the length of time it takes to send the donation or a grant of the recommended donation to a recipient charity; (4) the fees or other amounts (if any) deducted from or added to the donation or a grant of the recommended donation; and (5) whether the donation is tax-deductible or not. The new law permits some, but not all, of these disclosures to be provided through a conspicuous hyperlink, so long as the disclosure is conspicuous when the hyperlink is selected.

3. Written Consent of Charity Beneficiaries (and a Limited Exception). The law generally requires that a charitable fundraising platform or platform charity obtain the written consent of any recipient charity before using its name in a solicitation, but provides that such written consent is not needed if all of the following circumstances are met: (1) the platform only includes certain information about the recipient charities on the platform, as set forth in the new law or future regulations (e.g., the recipient charities’ name, address, telephone number, internet website, EIN, registration number with the California AG’s office, NTEE Code, and publicly available information from the recipient charity’s tax or information returns filed with the Internal Revenue Service or the California AG’s office); (2) the platform conspicuously discloses before persons can complete a donation that the recipient charity has not provided consent or permission for the solicitation, and has not reviewed or approved the content generated by individuals engaging in peer-to-peer charitable fundraising, when applicable; (3) the platform promptly removes any recipient charity from its list or any solicitation regarding the recipient charity upon written request by the recipient charity; and (4) the platform or platform charity does not require that a recipient charity consent to any solicitations as a condition for accepting a donation or grant of a recommended donation.

4. Soliciting or Receiving Funds Only for Charities in Good Standing. A charitable fundraising platform or platform charity may only facilitate solicitations or the receipt of donations for the benefit of charitable organizations in good standing.  “Good standing” means the platform charity or other recipient charity’s tax-exempt status has not been revoked by the Internal Revenue Service or the California Franchise Tax Board, or is not prohibited from soliciting or operating in California by the Attorney General.

5. Segregation of Funds; Accounting of Fees. Charitable fundraising platforms and platform charities must hold charitable funds raised in a separate account or accounts from other funds belonging to the platform or platform charity, and must promptly ensure that donations and grants of recommended donations are sent to recipient charities with an accounting of any fees imposed for processing the funds.

6. Prompt Distribution of Donations/Grants. In addition to the requirement for platforms to disclose the amount of time it takes for donations to be sent to recipient charities, the Attorney General is authorized to establish regulations regarding the maximum length of time a platform or platform charity may take to send the donated funds, taking into consideration various facts and circumstances.[3] For platforms that make donations or grants based on purchases or other activity performed on the platform, the platform must send donations or grants of recommended donations to the recipient charities no less frequently than on a quarterly basis and subject to any minimum amounts, which may not exceed ten dollars ($10).  In addition, donations or grants must be sent after four consecutive quarters regardless of any established minimum amount, unless the recipient charitable organization is not eligible to receive the funds (which ineligibility must be disclosed pursuant to the statutory disclosure requirements).

Avoiding Duplicative Registration and Compliance Obligations
Recognizing that some charitable fundraising platforms could meet the definition of one or more other regulated fundraising categories — namely, commercial fundraisers (e.g., telemarketers), fundraising counsels (e.g., direct mail companies), and commercial coventurers (e.g., retail businesses advertising that the purchase or use of their goods or services will benefit a charitable organization) — the law provides the following clarifications to avoid such overlap:

1. Fundraising Counsel: If an entity meets the definition of both a fundraising counsel and a charitable fundraising platform, it will only be a charitable fundraising platform.

2. Commercial Fundraiser:
If an entity meets the definition of both a commercial fundraiser and a charitable fundraising platform, it will only be a commercial fundraiser when the entity, for compensation, performs any of the following acts of solicitation:
(i) Direct mail solicitation, excluding electronic mail or messages;
(ii) Estate gift or estate planning solicitation;
(iii) In-person solicitation through a fundraising event, door-to-door or other public spaces, or a vending machine or similar equipment that does not use a person to perform the solicitation;
(iv) Noncash solicitation;
(v) Nonincidental acts of solicitation that are not internet based, including solicitation through print, radio, or television;
(vi) Solicitation involving receiving something of value, or a chance to win something of value, in connection with a donation; or
(vii) Telephone solicitation.

3. Commercial Coventurer: An entity that meets the definition of both a commercial coventurer and a charitable fundraising platform by listing one or more recipient charities to receive donations or grants of recommended donations made by the platform based on purchases made or other activity performed by persons who use the platform will be only a commercial coventurer when the acts of solicitation through an internet website, service, or other platform to persons in the state are for six or fewer recipient charities per calendar year.[4] Entities that undertake charitable sales promotions or other activities that trigger donations on the internet for seven or more recipient charities per calendar year will be a charitable fundraising platform.

During the annual conference of the National Association of Attorney General (NAAG) and the National Association of State Charity Officials (NASCO) held on October 13, 2021, NASCO President, Yael Fuchs, noted that while she could not advise whether any specific states were planning to introduce similar legislation to AB 488, NASCO does have a Crowdfunding Working Group that has been following the California bill closely, and that the various state agencies are watching to see whether and how California’s law enhances regulatory oversight of online fundraising activities.

The new law goes into effect on January 1, 2023.  Beginning on January 1, 2022, the Attorney General is authorized to establish rules and regulations necessary to administer the new law.

[1] Exceptions include a charity’s own website, vendors that solely provide technical or supportive services to such platforms (e.g., domain hosting services or payment processing services), and sponsoring organizations of donor-advised funds that do not list or name recipient charities for solicitation purposes on its platform to individuals other than its donor-advisors. Additional clarifications for determining when an entity is a charitable fundraising platform when it meets more than one regulated fundraiser category is discussed later in this article.

[2] The law also signals that the Attorney General may issue regulations that would increase reporting efficiency by allowing partnering charitable fundraising platforms or platform charities to submit an annual report on behalf of other charitable fundraising platforms in a consolidated fashion.

[3] The considerations affecting the maximum length of time for funds to be distributed to recipient charities include the acts of solicitation being performed, the number of donations made through the platform, who the donations are made to (e.g., the platform, platform charity, recipient charities, or peer-to-peer fundraisers), whether the recipient charity has provided consent for a solicitation, whether further verification information is requested to prevent fraud, and whether donations are sent to alternate recipient charities.

[4] California does not require commercial coventurers to register with the state if they enter into a written agreement with each beneficiary charity signed by two charity officers, distribute funds to the charity every 90 days throughout the promotion, and, and provide an accounting with each payment.

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Are you looking for answers to legal questions that arise in cause marketing and corporate partnerships?  If so, look no further!

Last year, Selfishgiving.com founder and blogger  Joe Waters and I distributed a five-question survey to businesses and nonprofits regularly engaged in cause marketing and corporate partnerships, asking them to share their top legal compliance questions and challenges.  After reviewing the survey responses, we decided to create a series of blog posts to address the most common corporate partnership legal compliance questions covering four issue categories: (1) Advertising Disclosures; (2) Registration and Reporting Requirements; (3) Contracts; and (4) Unrelated Business Income Tax (UBIT).   I hope you will find these FAQs useful in helping to navigate the legal and regulatory issues that arise as your company or charity engages in corporate partnerships.

Click on the FAQ headers below to read the answers to each question, which are posted on SelfishGiving.com, and sign up for Joe’s informative and entertaining weekly email newsletter, which has all the latest trends and strategic advice about cause marketing and corporate partnerships!

Part 1: Advertising Disclosures

1. Are cause marketing advertising disclosure “best practices”  required by law? Some of our corporate partners think they are just “suggestions.”
2. What if a company insists on structuring a campaign where the donation is based on a percentage of its profits, rather than a percentage of the purchase price?
3. Have any companies gotten into trouble with regulators for failing to include certain information in their cause marketing advertisements?
4. Advertising disclosure problems only present a real legal risk to the corporate partner, not the charity, right?
5. Can the company simply state on the hang-tag or store signage, “10% of the purchase price will be donated to ABC Charity, see www.company.com/ABCCharity for details,” and then include the website URL where the minimum guarantee and/or donation cap can be found?

Part 2: Registration and Reporting Requirements

Company FAQ

1. Our company is conducting its first ever cause marketing campaign. I heard that we may need to file state registrations. How do I know if I need to register, what does it entail, and how long will it take?  Note: The answer to this includes a chart on the state registration and reporting requirements applicable to companies acting as commercial co-venturers.
2. I operate a small e-commerce business in Massachusetts that sells clothing online, and would like to run a promotion in which the company will donate $5 to a local, nonprofit homeless shelter for every special edition T-shirt sold through our website. Does my company need to register nationally? What, if anything, does the nonprofit need to do?  Note: The answer explains how to determine the parties’ fundraising compliance obligations specifically in the context of an online cause marketing promotion.
3. Our company’s cause marketing campaign launched last week and we just found out we are supposed to register in certain states as a commercial co-venturer! Are we going to face fines or other penalties?

Charity FAQ

1. Our charity was asked to be the beneficiary of a company’s charitable sales promotion, but we’ve never engaged in a cause marketing campaign before. What do we need to be aware of before we proceed with this opportunity?
2. Our nonprofit is already registered nationally, and discloses all of its CCV partners as part of our annual charitable solicitation registration renewals, so we should be set with our CCV-related compliance, right?  Note: The answer includes a chart on the state reporting requirements applicable to charities that have entered into a CCV agreement.
3. Our charity was approached by a start-up company that wants to conduct a cause marketing campaign to benefit our organization. When we told them they may need to register with certain states and obtain bonds, they were concerned about the cost and burden of compliance. We don’t want to lose the opportunity to build a partnership with this company. What can we do?

Part 3: Contracts

1. We are entering into a cause marketing promotion in which our charity will receive a portion of the proceeds from the sale of each Sellco product. SellCo sent us a draft contract to sign. It seems to describe the promotion the way we discussed it. Should we go ahead and sign it?
2. What provisions should be included in our cause marketing agreement? Note: The answer includes a 15-point cause marketing contract checklist!
3. Is there a way to streamline the preparation of cause marketing agreements so they are compliant with all 50 states’ laws as well as for online sales?
4. Our corporate partner wants to enter into a multi-year relationship that includes a significant financial commitment, and will involve numerous customer activations.  Only the details for the first activation have been solidified. How do we draft an agreement to cover this type of arrangement?

Part 4: Unrelated Business Income Tax (UBIT)

1.  My organization, Charity Corp., has a corporate partner, Cool Products Co., that is conducting a charitable sales promotion in which it will advertise that it is donating a portion of the purchase price from sales of a particular product to Charity Corp.  Cool Products has asked to promote their sales campaign to our members and donors through email and social media. I heard that charities aren’t allowed to promote these types of campaigns because it might subject the charity to a tax called UBIT.  What is UBIT, and why and when is it a potential problem? How do we avoid creating taxable income?
2. How can our organization appropriately communicate about a corporate partnership to our donors/members/social followers without crossing  the line into marketing for the corporate partner?
3. The UBIT rules make our corporate partnerships team feel constrained in our partner cultivation strategy. What options does our organization have to provide value to our corporate partners?

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Three Key Benefits of Establishing a Corporate Foundation

Provides Consistent Funding for Charitable Programs
A corporate foundation can be a vehicle to build up a charitable reserve in years of higher profits, allowing for a steady flow of charitable grants to organizations in leaner years.[1]  Companies can donate appreciated assets or make a large infusion of cash to establish an endowment. Corporate foundations can be used to fund grants to public charities, pay employee matching grants, or administer scholarship programs for employees’ family members.

When grants are made directly out of a corporate giving department, the funds may be required to be expended during the period for which they are budgeted.  This reduces the control the corporation has over the strategic timing of grants, including support of larger charitable projects.  It should be noted, however, that many companies simply fund their foundation with the same amount as they grant out each year. When considering the compliance obligations that come with the operation of a tax-exempt entity (see below), a company with this type of funding and grant-making strategy may not find that a corporate foundation provides sufficient value vis-à-vis the regulatory burdens.

Accomplishes Strategic Programmatic Objectives
Companies are increasing their focus on issues that align with the companies’ brand(s) and the philanthropic concerns of their customer base.  Financial institutions, for example, may emphasize financial literacy and inclusion issues, while athletic and outdoor gear companies may align their charitable giving towards healthy living and environmental protection initiatives.  In many instances, companies want to not only make strategic grants, but also to operate their own programs that further their charitable objectives. Having a dedicated charitable entity through which the program will operate can help the business maintain its charitable mission focus.

Companies that decide to establish corporate foundations must ensure that they do not use charitable assets to improperly benefit the business.  Companies should review any such initiatives with legal counsel to safeguard against violations of the IRS’s rules prohibiting self-dealing.[2]

Allows One Charitable Entity to Receive Steady Contributions Triggered by All or a Portion of Sales of the Company’s Goods or Services
A number of companies have formed corporate foundations that receive donations triggered by customer sales. Through this structure, the charitable cause becomes part of the brand identity. The IRS, recognizing that payments to charities can, in fact, benefit a business’s bottom line, issued a General Information Letter in 2016, stating that a new group of socially conscious companies formed as “benefit corporations” may treat payments to charitable organizations as a business expense rather than as a charitable donation so long as the payments “bear a direct relationship to the taxpayer’s business and are made with a reasonable expectation of a commensurate financial return.” The General Information Letter therefore clarifies that benefit corporations can take unlimited business expense deductions on their charitable contributions as opposed to limiting such deductions to the standard 10% cap for corporate donations to charitable organizations.

While IRS regulations do provide other advantages that come with the operation of a corporate foundation, such as facilitating employee matching grants and scholarship programs, today, a number of independent public charities exist that manage such programs for companies, obviating the need to form a separate foundation for this purpose.  As such, these charitable programs no longer seem to be key drivers for companies to form corporate foundations.

Three Reasons Companies May Not Want to Establish a Corporate Foundation

Meeting the Compliance Obligations of Corporate Foundations Can Be Costly and Time-Consuming
A corporate foundation is a separate legal entity, whose board members owe a fiduciary duty to act in the best interest of the foundation.  In addition, a separate annual financial report must be filed with the IRS.  Corporate foundations that fundraise, either by being the beneficiary of charitable sales promotions conducted by their founding company, or by soliciting customer donations, may need to register to solicit charitable contributions in up to 38 states, each requiring annual renewal.  The state registration process also requires the foundation to prepare and file audited financial statements, adding to the compliance burden.

Companies should evaluate whether the anticipated annual donations and the sought-after social impact outcomes are significant enough to warrant taking on the cost of compliance.  In many cases, the same results could be achieved through a direct relationship with one or more existing charities, wherein the partner charities are responsible for their own compliance.

The Self-Dealing Rules Can Be Challenging
The IRS prohibits private foundations from engaging in certain financial transactions with certain “disqualified persons,” a category which includes the founding company.  For example, the company’s provision of goods or services to the foundation at a significant discount would be a violation of the self-dealing rules (although donating such goods or services is permitted).  Companies must carefully navigate any financial transactions, including shared expenses, to ensure that the corporate foundation’s charitable assets are not used in a manner that violates the self-dealing rules.

Certain Grants Require Burdensome Oversight Obligations
International grants and grants to non-charitable entities to support charitable activities may be undertaken by corporate foundations, but the federal tax code requires the foundation to follow special grant oversight procedures.  Foreign grants also require additional oversight.  Today, a number of charities serve as charitable giving vehicles through which donors (including corporations) can make such grants, and will undertake the required grant oversight, while the corporation can receive the full tax-deductible benefits. The fees charged by these third party charities to provide grant administration and oversight services may be less than the costs of operating an affiliated foundation, and come with the benefit of staff trained in the IRS’s requirements and best practices for grantmaking.

Companies Can Achieve Their Social Impact Objectives Using Strategies That Work Alongside, or in Place Of, a Corporate Foundation

Direct Corporate Giving
Companies can make direct tax-deductible donations to 501(c)(3) tax-exempt charities, either in the form of restricted gifts (documented through a grant agreement) to support a specific charitable purpose or program, or unrestricted grants. Companies are also uniquely positioned to donate significant volumes of in-kind goods to organizations that will distribute them to individuals, families, or organizations in furtherance of charitable purposes.  Sponsorship agreements allow the company to connect its brand to the brand of a charitable partner and its programs. Many longstanding businesses strategically utilize direct corporate giving alongside the work of their corporate foundation. Walmart recently rebranded the collective corporate giving efforts of the company and its foundation under the new philanthropic name, Walmart.org.

Cause Marketing
Cause marketing campaigns, whereby the company advertises that the sale of its goods or services will result in a donation to a charitable organization or cause, or otherwise engages its customers to take actions to support a cause, can be conducted to benefit an unrelated charity or a company’s own corporate foundation.  Partnering with a reputable independent charity allows the company to benefit from a charity’s strong reputation and proven record of making a real impact on a charitable issue. During the last decade Subaru of America achieved success by donating $140 million to four national charities and hundreds of local nonprofits as part of its annual Share the Love cause marketing campaign.

While less common, a few companies have made their own corporate foundations the beneficiary of cause marketing campaigns, and either fund the foundation’s own charitable program or support other charities addressing specific causes through strategic grants. Since 2000, the Ralph Lauren Corporation has sold a line of pink products to benefit the Pink Pony Fund, a program of the Polo Ralph Lauren Foundation focused on fighting cancer.

Collaborations and Joint Ventures with Established Nonprofits
Companies can collaborate with existing nonprofits to generate social good without forming their own nonprofit entity. This collaborative strategy is increasingly evident in companies’ corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports, which often highlight partnerships with nonprofits as a core strategy for fulfilling their CSR objectives.  Given that nonprofits often have expertise and on-the-ground implementation capabilities on social and environmental issues, this strategy makes sense. In 2015, American Diabetes Association launched a joint marketing and communications initiative with the Hispanic television network Telemundo, aimed at improving overall health and wellness for Latinos in the United States. These types of collaborations are particularly successful because they leverage each partner’s core strengths in order to achieve their shared charitable and social impact objectives.  Companies have also made strategic grants to fund research that will hopefully lead to more sustainable and responsible business practices.

Determining whether a corporate foundation will provide good value for a company ultimately depends on the company’s overall objectives, and should take into account the benefits and challenges of, and alternatives to, operating a corporate foundation.  For this reason, performing a strategic assessment on whether to form a corporate foundation is a worthy upfront investment.

[1] Corporate foundations classified as private foundations under the Internal Revenue Code must distribute a minimum amount annually, equal to approximately 5% of their net investment assets each year, which must be used for charitable purposes, typically in the form of charitable grants.

[2] The IRS has carved out benefits to the company that are “incidental and tenuous” from the self-dealing prohibition, such as through positive goodwill and recognition received by the company arising from the shared name, but how that rule applies in various contexts should be carefully reviewed with legal counsel.

The post Should Our Company Establish a Corporate Foundation? appeared first on Perlman & Perlman.

Layered on top of these market drivers are journalists and the media, who investigate and report on specific instances of harmful business practices by companies and entire industries. Athletic gear company, Nike, experienced a major public scandal in the 1990s when media reports revealed abusive labor practices at factories contracted to produce Nike apparel. Nike began conducting factory audits in the early 2000s, and published a detailed report of its findings. Nike has publicly acknowledged its past failures and now publicizes their ongoing commitments, standards, and audit data as part of the company’s CSR reports.

But do CSR efforts actually pay off?  A recent research study looked at the impact of linking executive compensation to CSR criteria (known as “CSR contracting”) among all S&P 500 companies and found that this practice led to an increased long-term orientation, an increase in firm value[1], and an increase in social and environmental initiatives. On average, CSR contracting also led to companies cutting emissions by nearly nine percent, increasing green patents by three percent, and receiving a five percent higher CSR rating. These findings demonstrate that CSR efforts do, in fact, benefit society while strengthening firm value.

A company’s CSR strategy should not be equated with its corporate philanthropy or giving program. Corporate philanthropy focuses on charitable contributions, through donations of money, goods and services, as well as employee volunteer time, however, it does not generally change how a company — at its core — does business. CSR, by contrast, affects a broader group of stakeholders through the actual operation of the business, including customers, employees, shareholders, communities, and the environment. Yet it’s not just for-profit businesses that drive CSR; the nonprofit sector plays a vital role in CSR implementation. Given that nonprofits are, by their nature, exclusively dedicated to promoting and supporting charitable and educational objectives, including publicly beneficial social, economic, and environmental objectives, it should come as no surprise that nonprofits often play an integral role in driving CSR strategies.  At the same time, the tax-exempt status of nonprofits creates certain constraints on how they can support businesses as they move towards practices that are more socially and environmentally responsible. As such, knowledgeable legal counsel can help ensure a successful collaboration. This article highlights three different roles nonprofits play in helping companies achieve their CSR goals, and highlights the legal structures and parameters in which they operate.

1. Advancement of Ethical and Responsible Business Practices

The most recognized CSR strategy involves the advancement of ethical and sustainable business practices. This includes a company’s business practices with respect to the environment, labor practices and human rights, business ethics, and supply chain management. A few legislative efforts have been undertaken to push companies towards more socially responsible business practices, including the United Kingdom Modern Slavery Act 2015 and the California Transparency in Supply Chains Act of 2010 (and similar laws are being considered in Australia and Hong Kong). These laws require large retailers and manufacturers to disclose on their website their voluntary efforts taken to eradicate slavery and human trafficking in their supply chains. Unfortunately, companies can comply with these laws by simply stating that they do not undertake any verification, audits, certification, internal accountability, and training in order to mitigate the risk of human trafficking and slavery. As such, many believe these legislative efforts are insufficient to achieve their otherwise laudable goals.

By contrast, nonprofits are helping companies improve their business practices by articulating clear, objective standards for ethical and sustainable business practices, and conducting independent assessments of company practices against those standards. Consider the well-established LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) green building rating system for building design, construction, operations and maintenance. The LEED certification standards were established, and are maintained, by the U.S. Green Building Council, a 501(c)(3) tax-exempt organization. A separate but related entity, Green Business Certification, Inc., a 501(c)(6) tax-exempt organization, administers the LEED certification program, performing third-party technical reviews and verification of LEED-registered projects.  Other well-known certification or verification programs operated by nonprofits include Fair Trade Certified, CDP (carbon footprint disclosure); The Non-GMO Project (non-GMO food supply), and Marine Stewardship Council (sustainable seafood certification). Another nonprofit, Verité, whose mission is to provide the knowledge and tools to eliminate serious labor and human rights abuses in global supply chains, provides assessments and training that focus on safe, fair, and legal working conditions for workers within business supply chains.

501(c)(3) tax-exempt nonprofits are viewed as trustworthy administrators of third party standards for ethical and sustainable business practices thanks to their legal DNA – U.S. tax-exempt nonprofits are organized (and must be operated) to further charitable and educational  purposes, not for private benefit. As such, they are prohibited from using their income or earnings to benefit private interests. Nonprofits can advocate for business practices that minimize harm to people or the environment, but only within the constraints imposed by IRS regulations.

2. Sustainability Reporting and Company-Wide Assessments

As companies work to advance ethical and responsible business practices, they also want to share successes publicly with their stakeholders, but because CSR reporting is purely voluntary, how do we know if companies are truly being good corporate citizens? A global nonprofit, Global Reporting Initiative (“GRI”), pioneered sustainability reporting in 1997, and today, they are the most widely adopted global standards for sustainability reporting.  Sustainability reporting is critical to providing transparency, and therefore public accountability. Sustainability reporting helps companies measure, understand, and communicate their economic, environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) performance. The reports also help companies set goals to continue improving their sustainability practices across economic, environmental, and social impact standards.

While organizations like GRI are creating uniform standards for reporting across ESG standards, other organizations like U.S.-based nonprofit B Lab, require a business to undergo an actual assessment of how significant a company’s current impact is across social impact areas.  Certified B Corporations must achieve a minimum verified score on B Labs’ B Impact Assessment—a rigorous evaluation of a company’s impact on its workers, customers, community, and environment—and make their assessment transparent on bcorporation.net.  [Disclosure: Perlman & Perlman, LLP is a Certified B Corp.] Athleta, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Gap, recently obtained B Corp certification.  According to Athleta’s press release announcing its B Corp certification, 40% of Athleta apparel is made of recycled and sustainable materials, and they are on track to meet their goal of 80% by 2020.

Some nonprofits are not waiting for companies to opt in to being assessed against their standards, and are instead publishing reports based on publicly available information. Environmental Working Group has been doing this for years at the product level through its Skin Deep Cosmetics Database, which combines product ingredient lists with information from more than 60 toxicity and regulatory databases to provide safety ratings for tens of thousands of personal care products. At the company-wide level, Know the Chain is helping companies and investors to understand and address forced labor risks within their global supply chains. Formed in 2013 by nonprofit, Humanity United (which is part of the Omidyar Group), Know the Chain was originally established with the goal of documenting compliance with the California Supply Chain Transparency Act. Today, Know the Chain focuses on benchmarking current corporate practices across key sectors where forced labor is particularly acute, including information & communications technology, food & beverage, and apparel and footwear, with the goal of driving corporate action while also informing investor decisions. The benchmarks are based on the disclosures of policies and practices used by select large companies. Know the Chain aims to use data and market forces to drive a “race to the top” that creates “brand reward for leaders and brand risk for laggards,” and ultimately encourages companies to adopt standards and practices that protect worker’s well-being.

3. Building Charitable Giving Into the Business Model

While sustainability reporting and assessments focus primarily on business operations, a growing number of companies have built corporate citizenship directly into their core retail sales and marketing strategy. TOMS became popular because of its “Buy One, Give One” business model, donating a pair of shoes to a person in need for every pair sold, distributed through its partnerships with global humanitarian organizations. On May 7th, TOMS announced a major overhaul of its giving model.  Based on the premise that the problems facing our world today are more complex than ever, TOMs has decided that, in addition to providing for basic human needs including shoes and clean water, TOMS is asking customers to join them in “taking a stand” on critical issues. As such, when you purchase a TOMS product, you can also pick an issue area that you stand for, such as ending gun violence, equality, mental health, or homelessness, and your purchase helps direct TOM’s giving (carried out in the form of impact grants that support sustainable and innovative strategies and solutions on leading social issues).

Food product company, Newman’s Own, recognized by its tagline, “All Profits to Charity,” has charitable giving embedded into its ownership structure — 100% of the business is owned by Newman’s Own Foundation. Newman’s Own Foundation, whose mission is “to use the power of giving to help transform lives and nourish the common good,” uses the profits to support a variety of charitable organizations. Newman’s Own’s ownership structure is supported by legislation enacted in February 2018 that allows 501(c)(3) tax-exempt private foundations to own 100% of a business under certain conditions. The foundation is now working to promote the “all profits to charity” concept by providing resources and support to other companies that have committed to donating all of their profits to charity.

A more widely adopted model of giving, albeit less deeply embedded in a company’s business structure or strategy, involves entering into a formal commitment to give a portion of company profits to charitable causes. One of the biggest advocates of this model is 1% for the Planet, a 501(c)(3) tax-exempt public charity that encourages businesses to commit to donating 1% of total sales across the company’s operations to support environmental causes.  The organization’s 1200+ members, which includes environmentally conscious brands like Patagonia, give directly to approved nonprofits, and 1% for the Planet provides third party certification of their fulfillment of this giving commitment. They also help companies identify environmental organizations that will make the greatest impact and align with corporate giving goals.  In exchange for upholding this giving commitment, members receive the right to use the 1% for the Planet logo in their marketing.

Companies looking to push their CSR efforts to the next level should be aware of the unique resources available through the nonprofit sector to help them establish and achieve corporate social impact goals. Similarly, nonprofits cannot ignore the significant effect that businesses have on the social and environmental issues they were created to address, and should consider ways they can help companies improve their impact on those issues. Given the strong consumer, investor, and employee demand for corporate social responsibility, there is no better time for companies and nonprofits to work together to help businesses operate more sustainably and responsibly.

[1] The study uses Tobin’s Q to determine firm value, and is a ratio of the market value of total assets to the book value of total assets.

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